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| Jericho. The first farming town |
8,000 BC:People start to grow crops along River Nile in Egypt, River Tigris, and Euphrates in Mesopotamia. The basic grains grown were wheat, rice, rye, oats, millet, and barley.
Farming developed in the Middle East at around 6500 BC. The first known farming town was Jericho.
The period from 8,000 B.C. to 1850 AD was known as the Age of Agriculture.
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| Vase from Sesklo, Greece, dating back to 5300 - 3800 BC |
7,000 BC: People started using clay pots for storing food and drinks.
4800 BC: Dimini culture replaces the Sesklo culture in Thessaly (4800–4000 BC)
Wheel is developed in Mesopotamia and India
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| plowing |
4,000 BC Wooden ploughs were first used by farmers to dig into soil, using the pointed ends. The farmers hold these ploughs by its two handles
3500 BC The Sahara Desert starts to form from semi-arid savannah, through desertification.
3200 BC Indus Valley Civilization
3200 BC: Crete: Rise of Minoan civilization.
3,100 BC Development of Writing
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| cuneforfm inscriptions on Sumerian stone tablet |
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| a zigurat |
3000 BC: Cycladic civilization in the Aegean Sea starts
2,800 BC The calender was invented by the Mesopotamians. The year was divided into 12 months, based on the cycles of the moon and the sun. Every 4 years, there was an extra month inserted to make up for the difference from the seasonal year. The Greeks and Egyptians copied this calender, with the Egyptians finally inventing one almost exactly the same later on.
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| Calender stone from Central Mexico, leftover from the Mesoamerican civilization. The Sun God is the figure in the center. |
2613 BC – 2494 BC: The Great Sphinx at Giza is built
2601 BC – c. 2515 BC: Great Pyramids at Giza are built for Menkaure, Khafre and Khufu
2400–2200 BCE: Construction of Stonehenge
2334 BC – 2279 BC: (short chronology) Sargon of Akkad's conquest of Mesopotamia.
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| Xia Yu, the legendary descendant of Huangdi, founder of the Hsia Dynasty |
2000 BC: Arrival of the ancestors of the Latins in Italy
1900 BC: Proto-Greek invasions of Greece
1792 BC–1750 BC Hammurabi , ruler of the Babylonian Empire
1600 BC: The creation of one of the oldest surviving astronomical documents, a copy of which was found in the Babylonian library of Ashurbanipal: a 21-year record of the appearances of Venus(which the early Babylonians called Nindaranna): Venus tablet of Ammisaduqa.
1556 BC: Shang Dynasty of China established
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| lion's gate in Mycenae |
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| Pharaoh Thutmosis III created the largest empire Egypt had ever seen |
1500 BC: Settlers from Crete, Greece move to Miletus
1504 BC – 1492 BC: Egypt conquers Nubia and the Levant
1390 BC: In Mesopotamia, emergence of Assyrians as independent power
1274 BC: The Battle of Kadesh in Syria. Egyptians and Hittites sign the earliest known peace treaty at the end of the Battle of Kadesh
1200 BC: Collapse of Hittite power in Anatolia with the destruction of their capital Hattusa.
Olmec culture starts and thrives in Mesoamerica.
1194 BC: The beginning of the legendary Trojan War.
1184 BC: Traditional date for the fall of Troy,
Asia Minor to the Mycenaeans and their allies
1146 BC—Nebuchadnezzar I becomes king of Babylon
1100 BC: The Dorians supposedly invade Greece. Mycenaean civilization ends. Start of Greek Archaic Period.
1050 BC: Philistines capture the Ark of the Covenant from Israel in battle.
1026 BC: Saul the King becomes the first king of the Israelites.
967 BC: Solomon becomes king of Israel, following the death of his father, King David
850 BC: The oral tradition of the Trojan war and what followed is written down in two Epic poems attested to Homer. The Iliad and the Odyssey
813 BC: Carthage is founded by Phoenicians
800 BC: Etruscan civilization.Beginning of the Iron Age in Central Europe, spread of the Proto-Celtic Hallstatt culture, and the Proto-Celtic language.
776 BC: retrospectively set as the first Olympiad. The history of the Olympic Games is believed to reach as far back as the 13th century BC.This is also the year zero for the ancient Greeks as they counted time since that Olympiad.
753 BC: Rome founded by Romulus (according to tradition). Beginning of the Roman 'Ab urbe condita' calendar
722 BC: Israel is conquered by Assyrian king Sargon II.
706 BC: Spartan immigrants found Taras (Tarentum, the modern Taranto) colony in southern Italy.
700 BC: The Upanishads, a sacred text of Hinduism, are written around this time.
669 BC: Argos defeats Sparta for the last time, this time using a Phalanx, at the battle of Hysiae
668 BC: Nineveh, capital of Assyria becomes the largest city of the world, taking the lead from Thebes in Egypt.
667 BC: Byzantium founded by Megaran colonists under Byzas
664 BC: First naval battle in Greek recorded history, between Corinth and Corcyra.
660 BC: Psammetichus I drives the Assyrians out of Egypt.
652 BC: Babylonia rises in revolt under Shamash-shum-ukin against the Assyrians.
650 BC: A climate change affects all the Bronze Age cultures in Europe with colder and wetter climate, and tribes from the Scandinavian Nordic Bronze Age cultures are pushed downwards into theEuropean continent.
640 BC: Assyrian king Ashurbanipal founds library, which includes our earliest complete copy of the Epic of Gilgamesh.
631 BC: Founding of Cyrene, a Greek colony in Libya
612 BC: An alliance of Medes, Babylonians and Susianians besiege and conquer Nineveh. King Sin-shar-ishkun of Assyria is killed in the sack.
609 BC: The Babylonians defeat the Assyrian army of Ashur-uballit II and capture Harran. Ashur-uballit, the last Assyrian king, disappears from history
600 BC: Foundation of Milan by Celts
600 BC: Foundation of Marseille by Phoceans
600 BC: Nebuchadrezzar builds the Hanging Gardens of Babylon.
597 BC: Babylonians capture Jerusalem, replace Jehoiachin with Zedekiah as King
594 BC: Solon appointed archon of Athens; institutes democratic reforms
570 BC: Pythagoras of Samos is born
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